Yeah, he sure was a dark mulatto(coming from you). Just admit that you have a bias view of Haitians and dont like to admit there lots of light skinned/white Haitians. If you want to see the complexion of Boyer, google the Haitian senator "charlito Baker".

Facts be know that DR never did take it independence from Haiti, but rather from Spain to which DR annexed the Country to.

The notion that DR took its independence from Haiti is overly a romanticized contradicted idea that mostly DR feels much worthy to give claims to in search of validation of its struggles to freedom. Pedro Santana annexed DR to Spain which most of the treaties or accords for freedom were granted by Spain.

As you even have said so yourself above "No, we did not choose to be part of Haiti, the majority of dominicans came to the decision of being admitted to Simon Bolivar's republics. " - Arcatype.

Go to sleep Arc!

JAMES1804, SAID
Yeah, he sure was a dark mulatto(coming from you). Just admit that you have a bias view of Haitians and dont like to admit there lots of light skinned/white Haitians. If you want to see the complexion of Boyer, google the Haitian senator "charlito Baker".

ARCATYPE: Again your in denial like always, Haitians never did anything wrong they are innocent doves, why would dominicans want to be part of Haiti. What good reason's, none! Now haitians are white????? Did you read my link here it is again. http://www.samanacollege.com/dominican01.html

AND DID YOU READ THIS: Facts be known that DR never did take it independence from Haiti, but rather from Spain to which DR annexed the Country to.

The notion that DR took its independence from Haiti is overly a romanticized contradicted idea that mostly DR feels much worthy to give claims to in search of validation of its struggles to freedom. Pedro Santana annexed DR to Spain which most of the treaties or accords for freedom were granted by Spain.

As you even have said so yourself above:
"No, we did not choose to be part of Haiti, the majority of dominicans came to the decision of being admitted to Simon Bolivar's republics. " - Arcatype.

Mr. HAITIANO, SAID
Facts be know that DR never did take it independence from Haiti, but rather from Spain to which DR annexed the Country to.

The notion that DR took its independence from Haiti is overly a romanticized contradicted idea that mostly DR feels much worthy to give claims to in search of validation of its struggles to freedom. Pedro Santana annexed DR to Spain which most of the treaties or accords for freedom were granted by Spain.

As you even have said so yourself above "No, we did not choose to be part of Haiti, the majority of dominicans came to the decision of being admitted to Simon Bolivar's republics. " - Arcatype.

ARCATYPE: We became independent from Haiti after 22 miserable years of haitian rule and occupation. We never wanted to be part of your miserable country. We became reincorporated to Spain by a dictator Pedro Santana. Then after the fact we had the war of Restoration the operative word here is "Restoration". Keep on smoking those funny cigars.....

Can you people please get back to the subject at hand(France giving Haiti back it‘s money), and stop with this never ending debate on the who‘s and what’s of independence of the Dr, it has already consumed valuable space on this forum; it has only led to petty insults that serve no one .

In my opinion the DR asking Haiti for money would be cruel to say the least.

That is mostly DR would like to believe that they gain Independence from Haiti. Sure, go ahead and continue to believe that. The greatest denial is that DR has gained their independence from SPAIN period. The "Restoration" struggles were mostly internal conflicts DR had with their own divided groups such as "La Trinitaria" and among otehr political opponent groups. In the effort to overthrown Boyer, there were even great collaboration and participation of both Dominicans and Haitians. The very so called struggles of DR has been with strong partial help from many Haitians who contributed in the effort of Restoration. I will not waste time arguing with you as you have your own set of imaginative truth and fabricated truth to the story. However people, read this.

In 1838 Juan Pablo Duarte, Ramón Matías Mella and Francisco del Rosario Sanchez founded a secret society called La Trinitaria to win independence from Haiti. In 1843 they allied with a Haitian movement in overthrowing Boyer. By revealing themselves as revolutionaries working for Dominican independence, the new Haitian president, Charles Riviere-Hérard, exiled or imprisoned the leading Trinitarios. At the same time, Buenaventura Báez, an Azua mahogany exporter and deputy in the Haitian National Assembly, was negotiating with the French Consul-General for the establishment of a French protectorate. In an uprising timed to preempt Báez, on February 27, 1844, the Trinitarios declared independence from Haiti, backed by Pedro Santana, a wealthy cattle-rancher from El Seibo who commanded a private army of peons who worked on his estates. The Dominican Republic's first constitution was adopted on November 6, 1844. It adopted a presidential form of government with many liberal tendencies, but it was marred by Article 210, imposed by Pedro Santana on the constitutional assembly by force, giving him the privileges of a dictatorship.

Annexation by Spain and War Restoration

Pedro Santana inherited a bankrupt government on the brink of collapse. Having failed in his initial bids to secure annexation by the U.S. or France, Santana initiated negotiations with Queen Isabel II and the Captain-General of Cuba to have the island reconverted into a Spanish colony. The American Civil War rendered the United States incapable of enforcing the Monroe Doctrine. In Spain, Prime Minister Don Leopoldo O'Donnell advocated renewed colonial expansion, waging a campaign in northern Morocco that conquered the city of Tetuan. In March 1861, Santana officially restored the Dominican Republic to Spain.

This move was widely rejected and on August 16, 1863, a national war of restoration began in Santiago, where the rebels established a provisional government. Spanish troops reoccupied the town, but the rebels fled to the mountains along the ill-defined Haitian border. Haitian President Fabre Geffrard provided the Dominican rebels with sanctuary and arms, sending a detachment of his presidential guards (the Tirailleurs) to fight alongside them. Santana initially was named Capitan-General of the new Spanish province, but it soon became obvious that Spanish authorities planned to deprive him of his power, leading him to resign in 1862. Condemned to death by the provisional government, Santana died under mysterious circumstances in 1864, and is widely believed to have committed suicide. Restrictions on trade, discrimination against the mulatto majority, rumors that Spain intended to reimpose slavery, and an unpopular campaign by the new Spanish Archbishop against extramarital unions, which were widespread after decades of abandonment by the Church, all fed resentment of Spanish rule. Confined to the major towns, the Spanish army was unable to defeat the guerillas or contain the insurrection, and suffered heavy losses due to Yellow Fever. Spanish colonial authorities encouraged Queen Isabel II to abandon the island, seeing the occupation as a nonsensical waste of troops and money.

However, the rebels were in a state of political disarray, and proved unable to present a cohesive set of demands. The first president of the provisional government, Pepillo Salcedo (allied with Báez) was deposed by General Gaspar Polanco in September 1864, who, in turn, was deposed by General Antonio Pimentel three months later. The rebels formalized their provisional rule by holding a national convention in February 1865, which enacted a new constitution, but the new government exerted little authority over the various regional guerilla caudillos, who were largely independent of one another. Unable to extract concessions from the disorganized rebels, when the American Civil War ended, in March 1865, Queen Isabel II annulled the annexation and independence was restored, with the last Spanish troops departing by July.

Must I continue?

By the time the Spanish departed, most of the main towns lay in ruins and the island was divided among several dozen caudillos. José María Cabral controlled most of Barahona and the southwest with the support of Buenaventura Báez's mahogany-exporting partners, while cattle rancher Cesáreo Guillermo assembled a coalition of former Santanista generals in the southeast, and Gregorio Luperón controlled the north coast.

From the Spanish withdrawal to 1879, there were twenty-one changes of government and at least fifty military uprisings.In the course of these conflicts, two parties emerged. The Partido Rojo represented the southern cattle ranching latifundia and mahogany-exporting interests, as well as the artisans and laborers of Santo Domingo, and was dominated by Buenaventura Báez, who continued to seek annexation by a foreign power. The Partido Azul, led by Gregorio Luperón, represented the tobacco farmers and merchants of the Cibao and Puerto Plata and was nationalist and liberal in orientation.

During these wars, the small and corrupt national army was far outnumbered by militias organized and maintained by local caudillos who set themselves up as provincial governors, which were filled out by poor farmers or landless plantation workers impressed into service who usually took up banditry when not fighting in revolutions.

The proof of DR Internal Power Struggles among themselves, but wait there is more...

Within a month of the nationalist victory, Cabral, whose troops were the first to enter Santo Domingo, ousted Pimental, but a few weeks later General Cesáreo Guillermo led a rebellion in support of Báez, forcing Cabral to resign and allowing Báez to retake the presidency in October. Báez was overthrown by the Cibao farmers under Gregorio Luperón, leader of the Partido Azul, the following spring, but Luperón's allies turned on each other and Cabral reinstalled himself as President in a coup in 1867.

After bringing several Azules into his cabinet the Rojos revolted, returning Báez to power. In 1869, Báez signed a treaty with President Ulysses S. Grant, selling the country to the United States for $150,000.[10] Supported by Secretary of State William Seward, who hoped to establish a Navy base at Samana, in 1871 it was defeated in the U.S. Senate through the efforts of abolitionist Senator Charles Sumner.[11] In 1874, the Rojo governor of Puerto Plata, Ignacio Maria González, staged a coup in support of an Azul rebellion, but was deposed by the Azules two years later. In February 1876, Ulises Espaillat, backed by Luperón, was named President, but ten months later troops loyal to Báez returned him to power. One year a new rebellion allowed González to seize power, only to be deposed by Cesáreo Guillermo in September 1878, who was in turn deposed by Gregorio Luperón in December 1879.

Ruling the country from his hometown of Puerto Plata, enjoying an economic boom due to increased tobacco exports to Germany, Luperón enacted a new constitution setting a two-year presidential term limit and providing for direct elections, suspended the semi-formal system of bribes and initiated construction on the nation's first railroad, linking the town of La Vega with the port of Sánchez on Samaná Bay.

Should I keep going...?

By then, Haiti was almost already not even part of most of DR's History or conflict. Read on...

The Ten Years' War in Cuba brought Cuban sugar planters to the country in search of new lands and security from the insurrection that freed their slaves and destroyed their property. Most settled in the southeastern coastal plain, and, with assistance from Luperón’s government, built the nation's first mechanized sugar mills.

They were later joined by Italians, Germans, Puerto Ricans and Americans in forming the nucleus of the Dominican sugar bourgeoisie, marrying into prominent families to solidify their social position. Disruptions in global production caused by the Ten Years' War, the American Civil War and the Franco-Prussian War allowed the Dominican Republic to become a major sugar exporter. Over the following two decades, sugar surpassed tobacco as the leading export, with the former fishing hamlets of San Pedro de Macorís and La Romana transformed into thriving ports. To meet their need for better transportation, over 300 miles of private rail-lines had been built by and serving the sugar plantations by 1897.

An 1884 slump in prices led to a wage freeze, and a subsequent labor shortage was filled by migrant workers from the Leeward Islands-the Virgin Islands, St. Kitts and Nevis, Anguilla and Antigua (referred to by Dominicans as cocolos). These English-speaking blacks were often victims of racism, but many remained in the country, finding work as stevedores and in railroad construction and sugar refineries.

Should I persist, because I have more to come...