well, Danilo, let's hope you are right. let's see how your tax package works out. people leave their homelands mainly for economic reasons. let us see how increasing taxes will affect the economy, and human development. by next year this time we should have an indicator of how things are going. this year was the worst for merchants regarding Christmas shopping. people are cautious, so they are holding on to what little they have. let's see how they respond to higher tax rates.

Well, as knowledgeable people have understood for many years, you can't develop a modern society without instituting modern systems of taxation collection and tax effort. Simply put, in order for the Dominican Republic to secure its place among the modern nation-states of the world, she will have to provide better services to her own people. AND THAT takes resources! Few if any people desire higher Taxes, but unless DR hits the jackpot and discovers massive oil and gas or some other highly valued resource to sell and collect dollars/euros to forego taxing other sources of economic activity, these additional funds will need to come out of current and future economic activities.

Maturity has its price and nations that want to step up and be counted among decent societies need to invest in their nation-People-and State. 11.9 or 13.8% of GDP will not resolve the bottleneck that currently exist because of so many prior years of neglect in social and public investments.

the knowledgeable people certainly do not include you. all knowledgeable people understand certain basic things

1...Government produces nothing. Government Spends. government can only spend what other people produce, since government has no productive function

2...the more GDP there is in a country the higher the GDP per capita.

3..The higher the GDP per capita. the more you can tax a population. you cannot tax a guy who has 2000 pesos at the same rate you can tax a guy with 10,000 pesos. as the proverb says, "you cannot get blood out of a turnip"

4..increasing tax rates has a very detrimental effect on productivity. if you raise the marginal tax rates on corporations, they are going to engage in transfer pricing, income shifting, offshoring their money, and such methods for tax avoidance. by raising the tax rate, you end up with reduced tax revenues

5..,if you raise marginal tax rates on individual incomes, two obvious results come to mind.

people will simply move into informal activity, which operates outside the taxation boundaries, or they can legally operate in a corporate manner, if tax rates on corporations are lower than personal tax rates.

5... foreign investors will look for countries where tax rates are more suitable for making profits. so, if government A has a 20% marginal rate on profits, and country B has a 35% rate, the investor will go to country A, ceteris paribus.

6..simply increasing the marginal rate on VAT is going to increase poverty , since it is an end user tax, and the poorest have to pay the same as the richest. so, you can end up getting more revenue, but creating greater poverty.

increasing taxes is not the answer. reducing government expenditure is. there is no reason for a country of 9 million people to have 650,000 people on the government payroll. no study has been conducted to show that the marginal productivity of labor is higher in the public sector than the private sector.

the sytlized facts have shown that for each percentage rate in tax increases, the GDP has a corresponding long term decline. you take money out of the private sector, where it does productive things, and put it into the hands of government, then GDP must fall, since government produces nothing. if GDP falls, then tax base falls. if tax base falls, you will end up collecting less and less taxes, eventually below any practical minimum.

Google has come to a Halt with IDIOT IRS Atabey desperately searching for a response!

The problem both here and in the USA, is not really taxation, but irresponsible, and spendthrift government spending, which the DR ranks one of the worst in the global community.
Also the absence of rules, consumer protection, 24/7 power supply, personal insecurity and street driving chaos, the proliferance of guns in irresponsible hands, both civilian and military, and a corrupt to the core justice system, with no recourse or protection for the common citizen, without an influential godfather. Are some of the important causes and effects, that devalue the quality of life in the DR.

" and spendthrift government spending, which the DR ranks one of the worst in the global community."

While it's certainly true that malfeasance and corruption color the walls of government in DR, the slice of the pie taken by the DR State is among the smallest in the Americas. And the Americas also happens to be home to the lowest taxed regions of the world. There are countries in Africa with very low taxes, even lower than the DR and Guatelama, and why is it that people aren't stampeding to their borders? Know why? Because just as a misterious poster told another poster here on DT:


Location: United States
Join date: December 2007


. you want good roads to drive on. you want EMS, in the event you have a sudden health issue. you want firemen to douse a blaze at your home, or business. you want the police to protect you, and your family. you want research, so you can have things like GPS, internet, and computers. YOU JUST DO NOT WANT TO PAY FOR THEM!!! then again, as a

YOU JUST DO NOT WANT TO PAY FOR THEM!!! then again, as a (G), you do understand the importance of handouts."

Add Education, social security, roads, bridges, potable water, sanitation, etc. and you'll find that even if we had corruption levels similar to say Costa Rica, 13.9% or the 11.9% of GDP over the last 30 years IS NOT GOING TO ACHIEVE EVEN WHAT THAT MYSTERIOUS POSTER STATED TO AC ABOVE.


No one loves to pay taxes, but it's a necessary condition.


I find it very interesting that ONLY during the Era of Trujillo did the State ever capture 20% of GDP.

Again, starving the State of resources has been a traditional pattern in Latin America for local oligarchies to control their environments. Everyone should understand that taxing the wealthier groups in society will be the next challenge ahead for many developing countries. Some countries are ahead of others, but most will have to readjust their view on this mattter. For almost 50 years, the local elites have had

a low tax collection and low tax effort environment in the Dominican Republic. But that era of low taxation is over. Rules and institutionalization of modernity is taking place; not as fast nor as efficient as one would like, but the trends are evident and will continue apace.

As a small businessman I don't like taxes, but I understand that in order to pay for the services rendered by the Federal, State and local governments, I need to contribute, too.

Look for property taxes, among others, to go up during this decade as the DR moves towards 17-20% of GDP capture by 2020.

By all means, we Dominicans have a duty to demand that these funds be used professionally and for their intended use. But let us recognize facts: the DR has traditionally, over the past 50 years or so, been among the lowest taxed regimes in the Americas. And yes, this made some people very rich but also contributed to our current low educated population and huge poverty cohorts.

Modernity=taxes

A fine and pleasant morning to you Dready. I see we didn't get out of bed in good spirits this morning. Tough night? Bed bugs? A nightmare or two? Please have your coffee and muffin, perhaps those two items will soothe you and allow you to post within the rules this cold but seasonal morning in NYC.


My point is to show that Taxation is a necessary condition if DR wants to leave behind its poverty and develop a modern and decent Nation-State.

You can't do so by starving the State.


11.9-13.8% of GDP will never pull DR out of its current predicament. Taxes will increase and IF we get better management of these additional funding streams, many of our-Dominican-problems will begin to be corrected over time. It will take some time and consistency of effort to get Dominicans out of our current cohorts of poverty. A strong and efficient State is necessary for this development to happen. A rules based society is a process.

There you go again, Atabey, I wasn't referring to taxes, which are also necessary, but to EXPENDITURES, and the rosary of other ailments that are apropo for the topic, please stay focused and not deviate the subject matter, to your particular interest.

Prometiendo y cumpliendo! Danilo 2016!

"Written by: generoso, 3 Jan 2013 12:40 PM
From: United States, Quisqueya

There you go again, Atabey, I wasn't referring to taxes, which are also necessary, but to EXPENDITURES, and the rosary of other ailments that are apropo for the topic, please stay focused and not deviate the subject matter, to your particular interest."


The Boy Is Stuck on Stupid!


Professor,


My point has been precisely what you have Stated; if we have no Accountability or Accounting for much was spent, how do we know we are being TAXED Too Little or Too Much.

However, he and the other members of the PURPLE Religion know that if we ever had an Objective Transparent FORENNSIC accounting there wouldn't be enough jails cells in the country to put the thieves in.

So of course HE wants more TAXES to cover up the misdeeds!

Generoso,

I fully understand your point about the need to address the allocation of funds and corruption, BUT
EVEN if we Dominicans had Costa Rican levels of corruption, a far cry from our current state of affairs, the current ALLOCATION Aren't, nearly sufficient to meet the enormous demands on the State.

I believe it was you Generoso who stated that if educational spending were to truly reflect the needs of the Dominican population something closer to 8-10% of GDP would be required.

And it's just those parameters that one must keep in mind when thinking about the DR and its low tax collection and low tax effort regime. Something like 17-20% of GDP will be needed to make a dent on these deficits.

The State has been starved for many decades and enormous demands have escalated over the years. It will take more than 11.9%-13.8% of GDP to make a significant dent on these legacy deficits.

That is my point.

I see some people are a bit better behaved. I wonder why?

You have NO Independent Dominican National Accounting to Support your arguments.

Where is the Independent FORENSIC Accounting of the Dominican Republic’s Books to determine if the TAX Rate is TOO Low or Too High?

The rest is just MUMBO-JUMO in your attempt to fit a square peg into a round hole, like the one between your ears!

" My point has been precisely ...how do we know we are being TAXED Too Little or Too Much. (?)




TABLE 2

CHANGING TAX BURDEN IN THE COUNTRIES OF LATIN AMERICA BETWEEN 1990 AND 2009
(Three-year averages and percentages of GDP)



Group 3 Low Taxed countries


Dom Republic ------8.6 --10.6 -- 11.2 --12.2 ----12.6 --15.2 -- 14.1-- 12.0
Ecuador ---------- 10.1 --- 9.5 ---- 9.6 ---11.5-- 13.3 -- 13.8 -- 16.9 -- 11.9
Guatemala -------- 8.8 ---8.6 -- 10.1 ---10.9 --12.0 --12.0 --11.1-- 10.5

Group 1 High taxed

Brazil --------23.7--- 25.9 --27.1 --- 30.2-- 31.8 -- 33.6 --- 34.4-- 29.3
Argentina-- 18.5---- 21.1-- 20.5 -- 21.2--- 23.2 -- 27.8 --- 31.2-- 23.0


Group 2 Medium Taxed

Costa Rica --- 17.2 -- 17.9 -- 18.6 --19.0 -- 20.1-- 21.4-- 22.4 ---19.4
Chile -----------17.0 -- 18.2-- 18.9 -- 18.9 -- 18.7 -- 20.0 -- 19.1 ---18.7

Source:
CEPAL - Serie Macroeconomía del desarrollo N° 118 Tax structure and tax evasion in Latin America. 2012

Those are just as legit as a Three Dollar Bill!

"Medina says the economy shouldn’t force Dominicans to leave..." to which I would add...and the lack of security shouldn't keep many from returning to retire.... too many woes

"The tax burden of the Dominican Republic for the past 30 years recorded the lowest evolution of Latin America, recording an average of only 11.9% during that period.

The information is contained in a study and Tax Evasion in the Dominican Republic ", made in 2010 by economist Nelson Suarez, Center for Social Studies Padre Juan Montalvo, which highlights the importance of correcting the regressivity of tax the country given that, like all states of the world, the Dominican requires resources to perform its functions."


"In this context, the study calls for raising the tax burden by about 5% of GDP, provided it is based on the expansion of direct taxes, introducing more progressive tax system via income, especially people, heritage and wealth, together with measures to reduce evasion, eliminate exemptions and incentives that benefit high-income groups.

With these measures, he says, may increase social spending and poverty reduction."

The economist Nelson Suarez is on point.

Josean said: " My point has been precisely ...how do we know we are being TAXED Too Little or Too Much. (?)

To alleviate Josean's fears of being OVERTAXED, the economist Nelson Suarez in a study on Tax Evasion in the Dominican Republic ", 2010, for the Center for Social Studies Padre Juan Montalvo.

"The tax burden of the Dominican Republic for the past 30 years recorded the lowest evolution of Latin America, recording an average of only 11.9% during that period."

"In this context, the study calls for raising the tax burden by about 5% of GDP, provided it is based on the expansion of direct taxes, introducing more progressive tax system via income, especially people, heritage and wealth, together with measures to reduce evasion, eliminate exemptions and incentives that benefit high-income groups.

With these measures, he says, may increase social spending and poverty reduction."


5% additional funding will give us 13.8% + 5%=18.8% of GDP

Not too far from the 20%

Not too far from the 20% and even Dready would agree that it's within the range promoted by SIR Arthur Lewis, Noble Laureate in Economics.

Again, perhaps not the Optimal figure, but certainly puts us Dominicans WITHIN our peer group countries.


As I've stated MANY TIMES, these additional revenue streams will need to be managed and allocated with care and corruption levels minimized. I'm all for more oversight and anti-corruption measures.


But if we Dominicans are really serious about modernization and development in our country of birth, GREATER resources will need to be provided to the State.




There are no free lunches after all.

"To alleviate Josean's fears of being OVERTAXED"


My fear is of being over ROBBED without a FROENSIC ACCOUNTING!


Your FEAR is of being Found Out that you PRUPLE MIRACALE Workers stole even the Nails o the Cross!

" I'm all for more oversight and anti-corruption measures."


......................But Not For A FORENSIC Accounting, what are you AFRAID of?

Atabey:
3years average GDP scale:
You pointed out CostaRica tax rate19.4 % as DR 12% but did not mention why.They have
a more ptoductive sector of the population and retired US citizen living there. Now compare how many of those 1/2 DR population have a gvt job as opposed to us 650,000.Yet their cost of living is higher than ours .
Chile is an industrial country therefore can afford those 18.7% tax and only has 300,000 gvt employees twice the population that of ours with 1/2 gvt employees.
Brazil 29.3% over 100 mns population and Argentina 23.0% with a population 3 times ours.
The last 2 are energy sufficients as well as industilized.
As to what Dread said about the gvts not producing anything only spends, he is 100% correct since they have no productive function. In fact I agree with all his 6 points.

MrThelmoAlmeydaRancier & dreadlocks,

"1...Government produces nothing. Government Spends. government can only spend what other people produce, since government has no productive function"

But what about public utilities (water, electricity, hospitals and such...)? Can services be considered a product?

Arcangel96:

I see your point . In the USA the gvt does not produce any of what you mentioned yet we have it.
All the above are private and so is public utilities.The only things are the police force, sanitation,
public school teachers,fire dept.road building / maintanance,housing for lower income (not free)
The armed forces (a must ). Yet what am saying the gvt does not produce anything.It spends our money for above needs. In the above cases( no),services can not be consider a product since we
are paying for such servises,in form of taxes or directly in some cases. Besides what product does the gvt offers for us to buy?

MrThelmoAlmeydaRancier,

I'm not one hundred percent sure but how about the BBC? I think it is own by the Government in UK. In US, not the best examples, I think Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae were/are own by the Government. State Universities? Back in the day in DR, Corporación Dominicana de Empresas Eléctricas Estatales (CDEEE), Consejo Estatal del Azúcar (CEA), La textil in Los Mina....

I am not sure if these are all valid examples...feel free to elaborate or disregard.

Arcangel96:You are right the BBC is own by the UK gvt ,so is Television Espanola by Spain .
In either case they take money from the tax payers to run it, where it is free no comercial interruption.
In the USA Freddie Mac and Fannie were bailed out by the gvt as a loan,they still have to pay back with interest since it is tax payers money as well as GMC As for the State Universities are run by the State always in red in a form of subsidies but are far from been free.Same as the NYCMTA
owned by the STATE of NY and NYC also another subsidy.$3 per passengers per ride matched by NYC and NYstate and Federal tax moneys otherwise would cost the passengers US$12 per ride,
Back in the days of Trujillo CDEEE was created so was CEA to hide his ownership,& ARMERIA
NACIONAL All belonged to the state and he was the State yet he did not have to borrow money
from the W/B or IMF.He didn't build the Metro because the need wasn't there(Ciudad Trujillo) as he
named it didn't exeed 300,000.

MrThelmoAlmeydaRancier,

I guess the caveat is, if the Government, for whatever reason (e.g. Dictatorship, Communism, Autocratic Gov, etc), does not set itself up as a monopoly. Thanks for the exchange, very informative.

The first thing Dominicans have to do is to stop breeding like rabbits ,,,if the net population growth can be brought down to zero or even negative growth , then everyone in this very small country will have a better chance. At present many people have babies knowing full well their chances of having a happy life are close to zero and often they cannot afford to feed them even from day one..Sometimes enough is just enough

says Atabey

I believe it was you Generoso who stated that if educational spending were to truly reflect the needs of the Dominican population something closer to 8-10% of GDP would be required.

for a guy with so much lip, acting all smart and everything, the least you can do is to understand the concepts at work. government does not spend GDP. to say " something closer to 8% of GDP ' shows that you do not understand the basics, Atabey. it is a figure that is equivalent to 8% of GDP. therefore, if GDP is 60 billion, then the education budget should be at least 4.8 billion. maybe if you understood "textbook mumbo jumbo", you would not be so confused.

Josie's ano want a FORENSIC Accounting of the Dominican Republic’s Books?

easy ..Go to the banco central library and you can get ALL the information that you need..And make sure you inspect every single detail on it!
Moron !

You see what I mean Roy!

Seventy one percent of workers here earn less than $15k /yr. The minimum wage in Florida is $16k. Most everything costs less in Florida so their standard of living just increased. Finding $150/mo shack rentals will be hard but good rental prices are available depending on the city chosen.

Now if a person went to Florida from here maintaining the same living standards he lives here he
would be able to save a bunch of cash. My teller at Popular makes $RD 8000 per month and shares a small place with others. Now if she and a roomate went to Fl and each got just a minimum wage job they would earn $32,000. Add another roomate then at $48,000, a fourth $64k.. Allowing $5k-$9k for better housing than here the quality of life should improve.

It also worked for my Dominican friends that became U.S. citizens that are doctors, architects, and pilots.

Over $3 billion a year is sent from the states to friends and families here so they must have extra cash up there.

"Written by: Ricardolito, 4 Jan 2013 2:33 AM
From: Dominican Republic, vieja Santo Domingo

“The first thing Dominicans have to do is to stop breeding like rabbits”


Now this Neo-Malthusian RACIST Makes a comment like the one above, essentially Saying we Dominicans are ANIMALS and the PURPLE Clapping Seals at DT don’t say a word or take him to task because he is in the TANK for the Narco Money Laundering PLD!

Yet they boliviate so much about how Much they Love the Country!

So if we follow your advise, and stop breading like a rabbit, but still considering supporting Haiti all the way, we will have a UNIFIED Haiti in 100 years..
That looks such an ugly future for all of us..

I guess that you should point that out to the people of the west part of the island , way much better..

Now Ms. Vickey tries to distances herself from her RACIST PURPLE Fellow Traveler!

actually, the language that Ricardolito used might offend some sensibilities, but he does have a point we must consider. the population growth is far in excess of what the resources can support. the Haitian incursion is untenable, because they also are reproducing at an unsustainable rate, right here in the country. i was on a bus to Rio San Juan, and six Haitian young ladies boarded at Montellano. every one pregnant! they obviously have no visible means of worthwhile support, but they are bringing children into the world who will constitute a burden to society, by no action of their own. population control is imperative. China understands it, very well. we have too many children running around without functional parents.

Dr. Dread,

I Know I preaching to the Choir but the best Contraceptive Program is EDUCATION especially focused on young girls.

The Problem I have with these Neo – Malthusians Racists is that because they are now in control of the world and its resources in a very disproportionate manner they want to deny those at the bottom the right to exist so they can maintain their dominance.

"Global Inequities"

“People must consume to survive, and the world’s poorest will need to increase their level of consumption if they are to lead lives of dignity and opportunity.”

"While the consumer class thrives, great disparities remain. The 12 percent of the world’s population that lives in North America and Western Europe accounts for 60 percent of private consumption spending, while the one-third living in South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa accounts for only 3.2 percent.'

continued:

The consumer society has strong allure and carries with it many economic benefits, and it would be unfair to argue that the advantages gained by an earlier generation of consumers should not be shared by those who come later. Indeed, lack of attention to the needs of the poorest can result in greater insecurity for the prosperous and in increased spending on defensive measures. The need to spend billions of dollars on wars, border security, and peacekeeping arguably is linked to a disregard for the world’s pressing social and environmental problems.

Meeting the Poor’s Basic Needs

• As many as 2.8 billion people on the planet struggle to survive on less than $2 a day, and more than one billion people lack reasonable access to safe drinking water.

• The U.N. reports that 825 million people are still undernourished; the average person in the industrial world took in 10 percent more calories daily in 1961 than the average person in the developing world consumes today.

conti:

"Curbing Our Wealthy Appetites"

“If the consumption aspirations of the wealthiest of nations cannot be satiated, the prospects for corralling consumption everywhere before it strips and degrades our planet beyond recognition would appear to be bleak.”

Despite rising consumption in the developing world, industrial countries remain responsible for the bulk of the world’s resource consumption—as well as the associated global environmental degradation. Yet there is little evidence that the consumption locomotive is braking, even in the United States, where most people are amply supplied with the goods and services needed to lead a dignified life.

The U.S. Consumer

• The United States, with less than 5 % of the global population, uses about a quarter of the world’s fossil fuel resources—burning up nearly 25 % of the coal, 26 % of the oil, and 27 % of the world’s natural gas.

continued:

• As of 2003, the U.S. had more private cars than licensed drivers, and gas-guzzling sport utility vehicles were among the best-selling vehicles.

• New houses in the U.S. were 38 % bigger in 2002 than in 1975, despite having fewer people per household on average.

worldwatch.org/node/810

hahahahahhah thats funny,this country its lucky it lives of the money all those dominican americans and residents that live in the states send everyday.u ever seen some of those western union and caribe express lines lol.

It shouldn't, but because of US interference and corruption, it always will.
I have friends who have risked their lives on yolas, over and over again, getting to Puerto Rico, to be returned, and they go again. Fortunately none of my friends have died YET.

As to the writing "the economy shouldn't force Dominicans to leave"He should learn from France, where all the billionairs are looking to bing their money to Belgium because the tax structure is up to 75%. In another words the rich are supporting the poor in France, with present administration.

In another words 1 out of 13 DR has a gvt job or botellas,mostly in the Capital,1 out of 6.In DR 1/3 of its income derives from DR abroad,1/3 from tourism, 1/3 commerce.

Isn't logical for the gvt to make it easier to bring in commerce to the Island to aliviate itself from leaches or parasites living off the gvt.?Less gvt subsidies would do when it gets going and 50%
less parasites.

When I say parasiotes i include the armed forces as well that serves no function,
but to bring in illigal drugs,creating a lucrative business for the big boys. As far as i know they were there to prevent the Haitians from invading DR.so they did it in a peacefull way,so there is no need for them any more.

Mr. Rancier,

That's why I have called for a Top to Bottom Idependent FORENSIC Accounting by a reputable international accounting group but the Botellas here at DT are opposed, very fearful of what it may reveal not to mention their loss of income!

Josean:

I agree but at this rate neithert you nor I are going to see any changes in our live time.
What ever happened to those extra botellas they wanted to creae abroad as part of the representative body?

why does anyone bother to listen to ohhvictoria.he's a clown, a maldito payaso and will always be

Mr Josean:

What ever happened to the 40 billions pesos to be borrowed from DR pension funds to create
houses for the poor? Did it go thru?If it did any particular.. as to what rate,length,qualifications ?,

Dreadlocks :

How are we standing with the wireless communication with Mexico? with out us selling them
anything.This should be part of a bi-lateral agreement with Mexico as any growingNation would do
I understand Spain gives them a better deal and will buy from us what Mexico will not.

Mr Rancier, we have had a strange relationship with Mexico. they buy nothing from us, but we were actually buying school furniture from them, despite the fact that the DR has so many wonderful woodworkers, many of whom are unemployed. seems like Danilo has put a stop to that racket. someone in the Fernandez administration cut that deal, and sold out his fellow countrymen for a few jeepetas and condominiums. given the fact that Claro sucks big time, we should be looking elsewhere for a better provider.

Mr dreadlocks :

Thanks for the info.This are the things the present gvt should focus itself on.We buy from you but you must also buy from us, even if the trade isn't balanced, but something is better than nothing.
I think our future lies in Europe rather than in the Western Hemisphere being we could not compete with Central America or North America.,also the fact Central America. is a mono-cultivist,like us plenty of the same,and cheaper.
Dread what ever happened to those 40 billions to be borrowed from the pension system to house the poor?Did it get thru?Any particular on that or it went towards education as well?

i do not know if that has been put on the back burner. Danilo has been left such a mess by Leonel, he has to be really careful what he does. the paquetazo is going to really hurt people. but that is only half the story. the DR has to get a new loan from the IMF, and really soon. it has only 3 months of foreign currency reserves available. anything below 6 months is a problem. so, it has to get IMF help. that is going to come with austerity conditions. the paquetazo is going to further impoverish the poor, and the IMF is going to demand an end to subsidies that help the poor. the tax package is going to slow down economic growth, and employment. i would not want Danilo's job for all the tea in China.

I can see now where he stands,if that is the case and all the pressure on him;poor guy.Thanks for the info Mr dreadlocks.as always you came thru.

thank you too, Mr Rancier

Tax Policy Challenges Facing Developing Countries

Developing countries attempting to become fully integrated in the world economy will probably need a higher tax level if they are to pursue a government role closer to that of industrial countries, which, on average, enjoy twice the tax revenue. Developing countries will need to reduce sharply their reliance on foreign trade taxes, without at the same time creating economic disincentives, especially in raising more revenue from personal income tax. To meet these challenges, policymakers in these countries will have to get their policy priorities right and have the political will to implement the necessary reforms. Tax administrations must be strengthened to accompany the needed policy changes.

As trade barriers come down and capital becomes more mobile, the formulation of sound tax policy poses significant challenges for developing countries. The need to replace foreign trade taxes with domestic taxes will be accompanied by growin

The need to replace foreign trade taxes with domestic taxes will be accompanied by growing concerns about profit diversion by foreign investors, which weak provisions against tax abuse in the tax laws as well as inadequate technical training of tax auditors in many developing countries are currently unable to deter. A concerted effort to eliminate these deficiencies is therefore of the utmost urgency."

Vito Tanzi was the Director of the Fiscal Affairs Department of the IMF from 1981 to 2000.
Howell Zee is the Chief of the Tax Policy Division in the IMF's Fiscal Affairs Department.

"To meet these challenges, policymakers in these countries (DR) will have to get their policy priorities right and have the political will to implement the necessary reforms. Tax administrations must be strengthened to accompany the needed policy changes."

I'm sure Dready's heard of these two Economist. :)

Josea, have you read and UNDERSTOOD your first free lesson of the year?

Keep Whislting Dixie Juan BOBO!

Carlos Slime's phone service in RD is deplorable, and he's a SCUMBAG. Leonel was paid big money to let Slime take over the phone service in the country.

says the moron Atabey


I'm sure Dready's heard of these two Economist. :)

i posted a definitive statement by Professor Vito Tanzi, and it took Atabey 4 days of googling to locate it. then, he triumphantly declares he did. now he wonders if i ever hear of him , and the co-author of his article, Howell Zee. so, you see what kind of a loser this guy is? he is running from pillar to post, copying and pasting articles, changing the title of the forum thread, and changing the topic from one thing to another, still trying to WIN. call it a day, Atabey. your argument is going nowhere. you are done like dinner.all the senior statesmen in the site disagree with your argument. surely you are not arrogant enough to believe that you know more than Mr Lautaro, Cibaeno, Pepe32, and myself, all added together. my advice is simple. go find another topic in google. spend a year researching it, so you can mount a sensible debate. leave this one alone. there is no way you can WIN.